Introduction

Return to Phase II Storm Water Management Plan

The Village of Croton-on-Hudson has prepared an initial Phase II storm water management program. The aim of this program is to control storm water runoff discharges from Village facilities to the waters of the United States in accordance with the requirements of federal Phase II storm water regulations under the Clean Water Act. The program is in support of the Villages February 27, 2003, filing of a Notice of Intent (NOI) to be covered by a Phase~II SPDES General Permit available through the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) for such discharges.

The aim of the Clean Water Act, the federal Phase II storm water regulations and the program proposed by the Village is to reduce to the “maximum extent practicable” pollutants in storm water discharges. The concern for controlling storm water discharges can be traced to the 1972 Clean Water Acts Section 208 provisions for evaluating the impacts of and recommending controls for point and nonpoint source discharges in conjunction with the development of hundreds of area-wide water quality management plans known as “208 plans.” These plans were completed in the late 1970s/early 1980s and for the most part, identified the need to study further the specific impacts of urban runoff and alternative control measures to alleviate or prevent those impacts.

As a result of the findings of many of the 208 plans, particularly those in the northeast and in and around urban areas of the nation, a nationwide pilot program known as Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) studied 26 urban localities in detail. In 1983, through NURP, USEPA concluded that urban runoff was indeed causing significant water quality impacts and that a wide range of controls were possible to address those impacts.

In 1985, two additional studies confirmed the NURP findings. This included a nonpoint source assessment conducted by representatives of state agencies and an urban storm water database study of 22 metropolitan areas that was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. These various studies resulted in Congress amending the Clean Water Act in 1987 to require the permitting and control of urban storm water discharges.

The studies to the left, as well as others studies, identified a variety of pollutants in storm water discharges. These pollutants include suspended solids, sediments, bacteria, nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, toxics, floatables, oil, grease, heavy metals, synthetic organics, petroleum hydrocarbons and oxygen demanding substances. The adverse impact of these pollutants in storm water discharges include closed beaches, closed shellfish areas, toxic contamination causing fish consumption bans, beach and shoreline litter, and floatables, siltation of marina and shipping channels, habitat/wetland degradation, and stream bank erosion.

The sources of pollutants in storm water runoff include urban streets, lawns, driveways, parking lots, gas stations, bus depots, golf courses, construction sites, marinas, trash, sand/salt commercial and industrial areas, highway yards, atmospheric fallout, direct rainfall (i.e., acid rain) and a variety of other activities such as landfills, recycling facilities, transportation, and manufacturing and industrial facilities. The EPAs 1996 National Water Quality Inventory reported that urban runoff was a leading cause of water quality problems in the country, causing impairment in 469 of the nations estuaries; 21 percent of the lakes, ponds and reservoirs; and 13 percent of the rivers and streams.

Under the United States Environmental Protection Agencys (USEPAs) December 1999 Phase~II storm water regulations, thousands of communities across the country with populations under 100,000 will be required to control urban storm water discharges. The Phase~II regulations were issued nearly 10~years after the agency issued its Phase~I regulations. The Phase~I regulations required the control of storm water discharges from larger communities with populations greater than 100,000, and from 11 categories of industrial activity, including construction sites disturbing more than 5~acres.

Under USEPAs Phase II program, the thousands of communities (villages, towns, cities, etc.) across the nation must develop and implement a six-part program that reduces pollutants in storm water runoff to the “maximum extent practicable.” This program must include a public education program, a public involvement program, detection and elimination of illicit/illegal connections, controls for construction sites disturbing more than 1~acre, controls for new developments and redevelopment, and pollution prevention/good housekeeping practices as part of the operation and maintenance of the communities storm sewer systems.

In New York State, discharges from hundreds of municipal separate storm systems (MS4s) that serve under 100,000 people, and are covered by USEPAs Phase II program, can receive permit coverage through a State Pollution Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) General Permit, provided that a Notice of Intent (NOI) was filed by the municipality (by March~5, 2003) to be covered by the General SPDES Permit and a storm water management plan is developed and implemented to satisfy the USEPA requirements. The Villages initial plan includes the Villages completed Notice of Intent and its initial six-part Storm Water Management Program for discharges from its storm sewer systems at its facilities and roads to the waters of the United States.

The States General SPDES Permit for MS4s that provides permit coverage to the Villages facilities is Permit No. GP_02-02, issued pursuant to Article~17, Titles~7, 8 and Article~70 of the States Environmental Conservation Law. This Permits effective date is January 8, 2003, and its expiration date is January 8, 2008.  A related permit that addresses construction runoff from sites having disturbances from more than one acre is the States General SPDES Permit for Construction Activity: Permit No. GP-02-01. This permits effective date is also January 8, 2003, and its expiration date is January 8, 2008.